|
A package manager or package management system is a collection of software tools that automates the process of installing, upgrading, configuring, and removing computer programs for a computer's operating system in a consistent manner. A package manager deals with packages, distributions of software and data in archive files. Packages contain metadata, such as the software's name, description of its purpose, version number, vendor, checksum, and a list of dependencies necessary for the software to run properly. Upon installation, metadata is stored in a local package database. Package managers typically maintains a database of software dependencies and version information to prevent software mismatches and missing prerequisites. They work closely with software repositories and app stores. Package managers are designed to save organizations time and money through remote administration and software distribution technology that eliminate the need for manual installs and updates. This can be particularly useful for large enterprises whose operating systems are based on Linux and other Unix-like systems, typically consisting of hundreds or even tens of thousands of distinct software packages; in the former case, a package manager is a convenience, in the latter case it becomes essential.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Software Distribution )〕 ==Functions== A software package is an archive file containing a computer program as well as necessary metadata for its deployment. The computer program be in source code that has to be compiled and built first.〔Ludovic Courtès, (Functional Package Management with Guix ), June 2013, Madrid, European Lisp Symposium 2013 ;〕 Package metadata include package description, package version, and dependencies (other packages that need to be installed beforehand). Package managers are charged with the task of finding, installing, maintaining or uninstalling software packages upon user's command. Typical functions of a package management system include: *Working with file archivers to extract package archives *Ensuring the integrity and authenticity of the package by verifying their digital certificates and checksums *Looking up, downloading, installing or updating existing software from a software repository or app store *Grouping packages by function to reduce user confusion *Managing dependencies to ensure a package is installed with all packages it requires, thus avoiding "dependency hell" 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Package manager」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|